Red River

I would help another person if the chances of my being hurt was really low but if it was so bad that any one that attempted to go in would have a good chance of not making it than I wouldn’t do it. I would try to do all I could to help them without putting myself in to much danger. I wouldn’t be able to understand it fully unless I was in the situation. I would go with my gut feeling.

When did the worst flood occur?
1826
What was the natural spring peak discharge?
225,00
What was it during the 2009 flood?
125,00
How much greater was the worst flood?
100 cubic feet per second greater

Indigenous People

Among African peoples, there are clearly groups of peoples who have always lived where they are, who have struggled to maintain their culture, their language and their way of life, and who suffer problems similar to those of indigenous peoples everywhere, particularly when forcibly separated from their lands. These include poverty, marginalization, the loss of culture and language, and the subsequent problems of identity that often lead to social problems such as alcoholism and suicide. Because of these particular similarities, many people find it useful and suitable to consider such groups indigenous peoples.

The hunter/gatherer Forest Peoples of the central African rainforests, comprising many groups, are threatened by conservation policies, logging, the spread of agriculture, and political upheavals and civil wars. They are usually at the bottom of the social structure. It is ironic that modern conservation policies intended to protect species of animals, not groups of humans, forbid many of these hunter/gatherers from hunting.

Nomadic pastoralist peoples like the Maasai and Samburu of east Africa are struggling with the encroachment of farming and conservation into their areas. As they are limited to smaller and smaller spaces, it becomes more and more difficult for them to maintain their livestock, especially in difficult periods, such as times of drought. Increasingly, they are being forced to move to urban areas.

The San, or Bushmen, of southern Africa have in some cases disappeared, or nearly so, as they have lost or been driven from their traditional homelands. Large numbers remain in Namibia, but they are usually impoverished and unable to live their traditional way of life. Many of them, with nowhere to go, have simply stayed, and now find themselves poorly paid laborers on farms - made up of their traditional territory -- now owned by whites or by other Africans.

The Imazighen are the indigenous peoples of northern Africa and the Sahel. The best known Imazighen may be the Tuareg. Most Imazighen who have not been assimilated live in the mountains or the desert. In Mediterranean areas, they have become sedentary; those living in the desert are usually nomadic. Today they exist as small linguistic pockets, with few, if any, cultural protections. Activists are working to maintain their language and culture.

Imperialism- A policy of extending your rule over foreign countries. Expansion of a nation's authority by territorial conquest establishing economic and political powers in other territories or nations. Is the establishment of economic and political dominance over other nations.

Euro centrism is the practice of viewing the world from a European perspective, with an implied belief, either consciously or subconsciously, in the preeminence of European culture. The term Euro centrism implies criticism of the concerns and values at the expense of non-Europeans and is not used by those who consider it factually justified.


Britain wanted Canada’s land and natural resources. They got what they wanted and took the land and the resources. They signed the treaties even thought they where not fully understood by either of the cultures. The native cultures are suffering now from crime and other bad things. They get their money from the government so some of the natives don’t go out and find a job they just depend on their welfare money. The British and Canadians ruined the native cultures. This was a very disappointing time in Canadian history.

The Silk Road

The Silk Road played the role of a connecting bridge between countries and civilizations. It served as a channel for trade, which became the catalyst for the development of crafts. Travelers and explorers studied the countries and peoples of the lands along the entire length of the Road, thus making an enormous contribution to the development of knowledge. Intensive mutual enrichment of cultures took place, and there was an active exchange of knowledge and of spiritual and philosophical concepts and views.

Religion was the one of the most important commodity to be carried along the route. International trade routes have always been more than just the means of transporting goods and services to neighboring countries, they served as a way to spread culture and art in the region. Throughout history, when mass media, radio and telephones did not exist, trade routes served as communication highways. One of the most prominent trade routes in the past was the Silk Road, which carried goods like silk and paper, and also served as a main medium to spread the ideas of Buddhism throughout Central Asia.

The countries where able to study the land of the countries that they where able to trade with. This increased their knowledge of the world and the different types of climate and environments. This helped them understand the other countries a lot better. This was important for the trade because they could see what the other countries had to offer. There is specific things that a country was not able to get things such as exotic fruits which where not able to be grown in their own country.

The Silk Road connected all the trading countries together. The road stretched over 4000 miles. Allowing them to trade many different things such as silk, spices, and even animals of different kinds. The Silk Road provided an easy route for trading goods.

Silk Road was a great way to connect countries together and allowed them to trade goods. This was an excellent way to connect different cultures together. The other countries where also able to study the other countries land to increase their knowledge of the world and trade.

Sudan

Britain colonized Sudan and ruled it in 1881. In 1899, Britain and Egypt agreed to rule Sudan together. The British institutionalized these racist ideas: the north of Sudan was separated administratively from the south in the 1920s. The north was governed from Cairo in Egypt. The south's administration was based in Nairobi, Kenya. British established a system of "closed districts," which meant it was impossible to travel from north to south. Northern Sudan was made of of people of mostly Arab descent. Southern Sudan was home to people of mostly African origin. The trade relations between the north and the south were cut, destroying the traditional relations between north and south. On Jan. 1, 1956 British chose to separate Sudan from Egypt and reunite it again into one state. The north and south were reunited, and power was given to the Arabs in the north. The north believing Sudan was an Arab country, they began to force Islamic culture and religion and the Arab lifestyle on all the Sudanese people. They did this regardless of their race or religion. Most of the people who were living in the south at this time disliked this idea and resisted conversion. The tension between the north and the south grew rapidly and ignited into a civil war. The south who resisted were denied many of their rights as well. The tensions grew culturally, racially and religiously. The African people of the south are getting denied many of their rights and are getting forced to convert to the Islamic religion. I think the Sudanese leaders should split Sedan into two separate countries. The north is one country, and the south is another country. It would be one of the only solutions to this on going dispute. It would stop the north from trying to force the Islamic religion on the south. If both of these regions had its own government and country it would help stop the civil war and ongoing controversy with religion and culture.

Potlatch

Potlatch is a festival ceremony practiced by Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast in North America, along Pacific Northwest coast of the United States and the Canadian province of British Columbia. This includes Haida, Nuxalk, Tlingit, Tsimshian, Nuu-chah-nulth, Kwakwaka'wakw and Coast Salish cultures. The word comes from the Chinook Jargon, meaning, "to give away" or "a gift". It is a vital part of indigenous cultures of the Pacific Northwest. It went through a history of rigorous ban by both the Canadian and United States' federal governments, and has been the study of many anthropologists. At these gatherings a family or hereditary leader hosts guests in their family's house and hold a feast for their guests. The main purpose of the potlatch is the re-distribution and reciprocity of wealth.

During the event, different events take place, like either singing and dances, sometimes with masks or regalia, such as Chilkat blankets, the barter of wealth through gifts, such as dried foods, sugar, flour, or other material things, and sometimes money. The hosts demonstrate their wealth and prominence through giving away goods. Celebration of births, rites of passages, weddings, funerals, naming, and honoring of the deceased are some of the many forms the potlatch occurs under.

It is important to note the differences and uniqueness among the different cultural groups and nations along the coast. Each nation, tribe, and sometimes clan has its own way of practicing the potlatch so as to present a very diverse presentation and meaning. The potlatch, as an overarching term, is quite general, since some cultures have many words in their language for all different specific types of gatherings. Nonetheless, the main purpose has and still is the redistribution of wealth procured by families.

I don’t think there are really any similarities between Potlatch and Modern Society. Some people have really big wedding and spend a lot of money, that is one of the similarities.

Residential Schools

Off-reservation boarding schools for American Indian children began on November 1, 1878. Many non-Indians either aren’t aware of this shameful piece of American History or know very little about it. Native children in residential schools were taken away from their culture, language. Many boarding schools were established far away from reservations so that students would have no contact with their families and friends. They were forced to wear uniforms. Indian students had no privacy. Indian students were told that Indian people who retained their culture were stupid, dirty, and backwards.

Many boarding schools were established far away from reservations so that students would have no contact with their families and friends. Parents were discouraged from visiting and, in most cases; students were not allowed to go home during the summer. Indian boarding school students wore military uniforms and were forced to March. They were given many rules and no choices. To disobey meant swift and harsh punishment. Students were forbidden to speak their language. They were forbidden to practice their religion and were forced to memorize Bible verses and the Lord’s Prayer. Their days were filled with so many tasks that they had little time to think.

Boarding school students were expected to spy on one another and were pitted against each other by administrators and teachers. Students were taught that the Indian way of life was savage and inferior to the white way. They were taught that they were being civilized or "raised up" to a better way of life.

Indian students were told that Indian people who retained their culture were stupid, dirty, and backwards. Those who most quickly assimilated were called "good Indians." Those who didn’t were called "bad" Indians. The main part of their education focused on learning manual skills such as cooking and cleaning for girls and milking cows and carpentry for boys. Students were shamed and humiliated for showing homesickness for their families. When they finally did go home, as to be expected, many boarding school students had a difficult time fitting in.

It is very disappointing that these young children where taken from their homes and put in a school and treated the way they where. Canada and the United States have come so far since then. I think Canada and the United States will never be able to repay them for the things they did. Canada is real trying to make it a lot better though because we are trying to be multicultural. The boarding schools where locater far away from there homes. The students had no privacy at all. They were not aloud to learn about their cultures and their languages.